Gambling is the wagering of something of value on a random event with the intent to win something else of value. It is a form of entertainment, a source of thrills and a means to meet basic human needs, such as the need for profit or the need for socialization. Problem gambling is when it stops being entertainment and becomes a source of stress, anxiety and addiction.
The underlying causes of gambling problems are complex and vary among individuals. However, a few key risk factors include low socioeconomic status, young age and male gender. Some people develop a gambling disorder as a result of experiencing depression or other mood disorders. They may start gambling as a way to self-medicate and continue doing so even after their financial situation has worsened. Others have a genetic predisposition for thrill-seeking behaviour and impulsivity, which can be further exacerbated by exposure to certain stimuli such as alcohol and other drugs.
In addition to the negative effects of gambling, there are also some positive impacts on society. A few of these benefits include generating economic revenue and promoting the development of new technologies and games. In some cases, gambling can also help people make better decisions and learn new skills. However, most studies on the social impact of gambling focus on the costs and harms of problematic gambling.
These societal costs and benefits can be structuralized using a conceptual model where the impacts are divided into personal, interpersonal and community/society levels. Personal impacts refer to effects that affect gamblers themselves and include both the negative and positive aspects of gambling. Interpersonal and community/society level impacts are broader in scope than personal impacts and can be further broken down into sub-categories such as economic, health and well-being and social capital.
The methodological challenges faced in calculating gambling impacts have also been highlighted in the literature. Interpersonal and community/society impacts are non-monetary and therefore difficult to measure. As a consequence, these impacts have often been excluded from calculations.
While gambling can be an enjoyable pastime, it’s important to know your limits. It’s also important to set boundaries around money management and to find a support network. If you’re struggling with gambling addiction, don’t hesitate to seek professional help. Getting help early is the best way to avoid serious consequences, including suicide and severe family conflicts. If you’re a family member of a gambler, it’s essential to educate yourself on the risks of gambling and how to help your loved one. Consider seeking counseling or joining a support group, such as Gamblers Anonymous, which follows the model of Alcoholics Anonymous. You can also reach out to friends and family for help. They may be able to offer practical support such as taking over the household finances. Alternatively, they might be able to recommend professional treatment options for your loved one.