Gambling is an activity in which people wager money or other items of value on the outcome of an event that is characterized by randomness and uncertainty. Gambling also can involve games that require some level of skill. A gambling disorder, which is characterized by severe impairment or distress, can develop in people who engage in any form of gambling. It has been compared to addictions to drugs and alcohol, but is classified as an impulse control disorder rather than a substance use disorder.
Although most adults and adolescents who gamble do so responsibly, some individuals develop a gambling disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, this disorder is a chronic and recurrent pattern of gambling behavior that causes substantial impairment or distress. The DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder include loss of control, impaired impulse control, and preoccupation with gambling. In addition, the disorder can cause social or family problems, and it can interfere with job performance.
There are no FDA-approved medications to treat gambling disorders, but therapy can help individuals learn how to manage their urges and change the way they think about gambling. Therapists may use cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or other forms of therapy. They may also offer family therapy and marriage, career, or credit counseling. These treatments can help people understand their relationships and finances, solve problems caused by gambling, and set healthy boundaries.
Often, people with gambling disorders will hide their problem from others or lie about their gambling habits. This can lead to feelings of shame or isolation. They might also feel compelled to make more bets, trying to get back the money they’ve lost, a phenomenon known as “chasing losses.” In this way, they can continue gambling even after they’ve blown all their money.
A recurring theme in the literature on gambling is that people who have an underlying mood disorder, such as depression or anxiety, are more likely to have a gambling disorder. This is because the impulsiveness associated with gambling can trigger or make worse mood symptoms. In some cases, individuals may have both a gambling disorder and a mood disorder, which can complicate treatment.
Some religious groups, including the Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, have a prohibition against gambling. Other religious traditions have a more moderate attitude toward the activity, and some churches allow bingo and other non-casino gambling games. Several countries have legalized casinos, but many still restrict their operations to certain geographic areas or limit the types of gambling that they permit. In the United States, most of the country’s casinos are in Las Vegas and other large cities. In the rest of the country, many states have regulated gaming activities. In the 21st century, the popularity of casino gambling and the relaxation of laws against it have made it a popular pastime in many communities. However, there are still concerns about the effect of gambling on society.